They briefly duck into a hardware store to warm up, but must soon leave. He was the first of twelve siblings, seven by his father Manuel, five by his mother Adriannes second husband, Ralph. Style Gaudet, Marcia G. Porch Talk with Ernest Gaines: a Conversation on the Writers Craft, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1990. The purpose of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body, and nothing else.. 18, No. Set during the 1940s, "The Sky is Gray" is narrated by James, an eight-year-old boy with a horrible toothache; the story focuses on the cold winter's journey he and his mother Octavia make to see the dentist in town. But she is important for another reason besides her human decency: it is paradoxically her kind gesture that represents the greatest potential threat to Jamess manhood, at least in his mothers eyes. In The Sky is Gray, by Ernest J. Gaines and Mr. Parker, by Laurie Colwin, James and Janie are no exception. The black student demands hypervisuality Show me one reason to believe in the existence of a God (italics mine)while at the same time demanding a reinterrogation of is verbality: What do words like Freedom, Liberty, God, White, Colored mean? (italics mine). In 1968, the same year that Gainess Bloodline was published, Reverend Martin Luther King himself was assassinated in a Memphis hotel. Washington Irving, The Sky is Gray by Ernest J. Gaines, 1968, The Slavery Issue: Western Politics and the Compromise of 1850, https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/sky-gray. Source: William E. H. Meyer, Jr., Ernest J. Gaines and the Black Childs Sensory Dilemma, in College Language Association Journal, Vol.34, No. ", Hermosa historia lacual te hace pensar todo y te deja viendo diferentes realidades. Her final statement to James in the story is probably the most illustrative of her world view: You not a bum, she says. 110-13. Octavias skepticism and self-imposed isolation place her in a similarly antagonistic stance toward the community. The Sky is Gray contains many of the themes and images Gaines returns to again and again in his work: themes of personal responsibility, grace under pressure, and moral behavior; images of strong mothers, mysteriously absent fathers, and families in which love is expressed more often in harsh words or silence than in overt praise or affection. 29 terms. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. It growls so loud you can hear it a mile. Moreover, it soon becomes clear that the black mother and son must accept the fact that they have now become the observed, not the observersthat they are the ones who dearly need to be seen for what they are, cold and hungry. The reader is made aware that the act of having the tooth pulled is a large ordeal to the family. There he developed a keen interest in reading, and he wrote his first novel the next year; on news of its rejection, he destroyed the only manuscript copy he possessed. 436-38. James seems like anything but a childhood, his mind is plagued with worries and concerns that often belong in the adult realm. Examples of this are shown in the episode of the dentist offices with the poor treatment received to the patients, also in the kindness given to James and his mother by the old couple. missing from the current crop of responses to Gaines is a moral reading, one that doesnt look for causes and effects in a two-dimensional equation of character and color, but rather, in the quality of the characters thoughts and actions, regarding the characters not as caricatures of different types, but as fully formed people with their ownto borrow a phrase from Joyceindividuating rhythms. If Gaines is indeed an imaginative writer of canonical status, his works will reward such readings. James's mother accompanies her son to town to see about the boy's nagging toothache, and his journey soon becomes an eye-opening odyssey. Set in Louisiana, Octavia is forced to raise her family by herself when her husband is sent off to war. Although the point is never explicitly stated, it is apparent that Octavia finds the values of her community inadequate to make James the kind of man that she feels he must become. In these stories, black folk culture, with its emphasis on community-defined values and behaviors, shows signs of deterioration, while Western individualism and the development of more personally-defined values appear as catalysts in the demise of the black folk world view. The Sky Is Gray Thank you for downloading The Sky Is Gray . 212, No. Later, the whole family is at hand when Octavia and Jamess aunt count out the cost of a trip to the dentist: She say: enough to get there and get back. Categories: American Literature, Literary Criticism, Literature, Short Story, Tags: Analysis of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, appreciation of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, criticism of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, Ernest J. Gaines, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray analysis, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray appreciation, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray essays, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray guide, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray notes, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray plot, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray story, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray summary, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray themes, essays of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, guide of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, notes of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, plot of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, story of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, summary of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, themes of Ernest J. 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The fact that neither story offers a resolution to the underlying conflict apparent in the situations is indicative of the contemporary nature of the issue which Gaines raises. An elderly white woman and store-owner declares, I saw yall each time you went by. The blacks, now realizing they are not going to conquer the keen-eyed compassion of this woman and her husband, bow and accept food and a perhaps-too-generous supply of salt meat under the transparent pretense of Jamess doing some chores for the shopkeepers. "The Sky Is Gray" is a story narrated by eight year old James which tells the events of a Louisiana morning in which James and his mother, Octavia, take a bus to Bayonne to have a dentist take a look at James' ailing tooth. . The limitations imposed on the narrative by an eight-year-old narrator are more obvious when he tries, unsuccessfully, to understand his mothers frequent mood changes or her mysterious decisions to fight or flee at each of the stations of mood the narrative visits. After graduating from high school, Gaines attended Vallejo Junior College, did a stint in the Army, and then returned to the Bay Area to take a degree from San Francisco State College (now San Francisco State University). Jamess vulnerability to this aspect of human nature is illustrated in the episode with an old couple who offer them food during their visit to town. While the prejudice James and his mother encounter is real and unarguable, the response of Jamess mother presages the essence of Martin Luther Kings message that salvation begins in the person of the oppressed, not the oppressor. Ill take coke, or Ill use any kind of profanity, I dont give a damn. On the other side are the preacher and the other woman the young man speaks to after the preacher departs. Babb would have Octavia read as a woman whose prideful dissembling and technique of masking, whatever that entails, are the necessary consequence of living in a dangerous world in which the whim of any white is empowered to affect their destiny. But this is a significant, even inexcusable oversimplification of Octavias motivations. $18.75 + $3.99 shipping. The absence of the fatherin the armyhas somewhat prematurely forced James into the role of the man of the house; and we first find this young black initiate looking down the road, of American hypervisuality. . It is because of his absence that Octavias moral teachings are both so important and so urgently imparted. On the other hand, the student maintains a defensible position, but his egotistical stance exposes his feelings of alienation from his community. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, 2 nd Edition. Ernest J. Gaines was born on River Lake Plantation in Oscar, a hamlet of Pointe Coupee Parish in rural Louisiana. Yeah, the sky . In the following essay, Meyer describes how The Sky is Gray is a coming of age story not just about coming to terms with growing up, but also dealing with the sensual orientation of ones body. While they wait for the dentist to reopen his office, Octavia must devise ways in which she can keep James from the cold and at the same time carefully adhere to strict rules of racial separation. Moreover, while an adult may be judged on the basis of his or her thoughts and actions, a child is still too completely a product of his or her parents to evaluate as an independent being. This is particularly useful in a story limited by the narrative point of view to the description of a young persons inner life. Young James (8 years old) mind is weighted down with guilt knowing his tooth has a big effect on the familythey might not be able to feed the family because of his tooth. But the American consciousness was jolted away from these events by Kennedys assassination on November 22, 1963, and by events abroad, principal among these being the escalation of what would become the Viet Nam war. She insists that they come inside while she calls the dentist to tell him that they are coming. Here, the key episode occurs between the liberal black student and the conservative black preachera paradoxical conflict between Word and word, between faith and sight. Contrary to what Octavia would have him believe, the choices that James must eventually make about the quality of his existence should not be between bum and man, or between adhering to the dictates of the head or heart as advocated by the student and the minister respectively. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. It is also possible to rent "The Sky Is Gray" on Vudu, Amazon Video online and to download it on Amazon Video, Vudu. Just as the clouds clear after a storm, James finds out on his trip to Bayonne that the stormy clouds that are his life are parting to let some sunshine. By forcing James to sublimate his emotions and accept them as signs of human weakness, she fails to provide him with a means of dealing with the emotional responses of others in a way consistent with her philosophy. . Bajo el cielo gris y nubes bajas, las olas oscuras ocultan su potencia bajo una aparente tranquilidad. My heart tells me, the boy says. Mother and sons odyssey through the dangers and pitfalls of poverty and racism also includes encounters with two kinds of whites: the dentists receptionist, who delays their appointment and then locks them out in the cold, and a woman and her invalid husband, who invite them into their store, offer them a hot meal (in exchange for work, at Octavias proud insistence), and phone the dentist to make sure he takes care of Jamess toothache. At the end of the story, although the sky is still gray, readers sense hope for James with the lessons he has learned from good people, black and white, but from no one more than his strong and principled mother. Encyclopedia.com. You have remained in right site to start getting this info. The overarching theme in this story is change and transformation. James, the narrator in Ernest Gaines' "The Sky is Gray" is an eight-year-old African American male who is still a child but being the oldest male in the household he faces more responsibility than a normal young boy would. ostreet9 Plus "Angel Levine" by Bernard Malamud. His feelings of isolation are clearly illustrated in his conversation with a woman who attempts to take his side in the disagreement. Based on the story of the same title by Ernest Gaines, about a young Black farmboy's dawning of awareness about himself and society. He responds to the emotional intent of the act. Cane, c. 1917 Ernest James Gaines (January 15, 1933 - November 5, 2019) was an American author whose works have been taught in college classrooms and translated into many languages, including French, Spanish, German, Russian and Chinese. "The Sky is Gray"contains many of the themes and images Gaines returns to again and again in his work: themes of personal responsibility, grace under pressure, and moral behavior; images of strong mothers, mysteriously absent fathers, and families in which love is expressed more often in harsh words or silence than in overt praise or affection. Synopsis. It suggests at first the bleak mood of the story but also hints at hope in the future. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/sky-gray. In Ernest J. Gaines "The Sky Is Gray", Octavia finds out the hard way. kui. Source: David Y. Kippen, An Overview of The Sky is Gray, in Short Stories for Students, The Gale Group, 1999. Try refreshing this page.If the problem persists, contact our support contact our support Two years later, in 1963, the conflicts began in earnest, with riots and acts of racial brutality against demonstrators in Birmingham, Alabama, culminating with Martin Luther Kings being jailed in Birmingham. And the sky is gray, the sky is gray Ah, hah But that don't mean little brother that you Have to feel the same way Look the sky is cryin' see the Tear rollin' down on the ground Down on the ground Ah, hah but that don't mean little brother That your life can't turn around Cover up your body but the cold Steady rubbin' on your skin Rubbin' on . Whatever the narrative gains by being told through Jamess eyes would need to add a great deal to offset these drawbacks. And by the end of the story, the reader does indeed sense that there has been some change to who James is in that short span, a sense reinforced by his mothers assertion that he is not a bum, but a man. Random Word. Not added . His publication record is not extensive, but his works have been well received. It is through these kinds of moderating forces in James environment that Gaines sees his salvation. I think the message it sends about how people treat each other is important. 10 terms. During the exchange between the men, the minister exposes the weakness of his position when he becomes frustrated and strikes the student. She uses her new awareness to structure her world into clear-cut oppositional units. Critics have been kind to Gaines, but his reputation has not risen with such meteoric speed as have the reputations of some of the other contemporary black writers of his generation. Gaines's story "The Sky is Gray" similarly explores the differences between charity and justice within the segregated South. The Sky is Gray. Fifty cents left guess I get a little piece of salt meat with that. Though it is clear that money is scarce, it is just as clear that this family knows how to survive with dignitythat is, without charity. But this state of affairs does not lasthis Auntie soon discovers that his tooth is rotten. Told in a series of thirteen more or less chronological episodes, Jamess narrative is punctuated by frequent flashbacks to past events, each of which provide the reader with a more complete picture of the moral forces pulling at and shaping James. But this much is clear. His first bona-fide publicationsThe Boy in the Double-Breasted Suit and The Turtleswere published in San Francisco State Colleges Transfer magazine in 1956. However, his indirect discovery that the community is no longer capable of defining his individual responsibility to his family is potentially important both for him and for Sonny. Ernest Gaines story, The Sky Is Grey, is a heartfelt story about James, a black youth living in Louisiana during the Second World War. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Hills Like White Elephants. Yet James, for all his acuteness of perception, can never follow Emerson into the parody of the Biblical command, Pray without ceasing: the New-England sage demands, Observe without ceasing (italics mine). [Instrumental Bridge] [Verse 3] I've got a bad feeling. Never one to waste words, she knows how to protect herself: When a pimp tries to molest her, she throws him against a wall and threatens to stab him with the knife she carries. 23 Feb. 2023 . It is a testimony to Gaines's skill as a writer and storyteller that many people believe Jane Pittman was a real person. . In Los Angeles, race riots in Watts resulted in 35 deaths, the arrest of 4,000, and $40 million in property damage. Octavia shows the characteristics of a good parent by being stern, loving, and independent. For Babb, Octavias intention is to teach her son a valuable lesson in pride and survival, but she doesnt interrogate the relationship between pride and survival, preferring tacitly to assume that her readers will infer a necessary relationship between the two where none in fact exists. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. In their introduction to Porch Talk with Ernest Gaines: Conversations on the Writers Craft they write: Gainess characters evoke laughter, joy, despair, grief, anger, sympathy, andperhaps most of allpride. The Sky Is Gray. In American Short Stories. It suggests at first the bleak mood of the story but also hints at hope in the future. The Sky is Gray is a heartbreaking story of James and his Mama. It also refers to the complexity of the time in which James's character livesthe mid- to late-1950s or early-1960sand how previous values will no longer hold as the South shifts toward modernity. Jamess mother Octavia is a strong, proud, uncompromising woman largely based on Gainess own mother. So it's probably not coincidental that I began planning another northern California trip a few weeks ago. They are struggling for survival after James' father is taken in the army. Babb seems to approach this realization when she writes that Octavias dissembling enables her to warm him without compromising her dignity by begging. Babb realizes that Octavias act is fundamentally about dignity, not about warmth, but she doesnt think through the implications of the point she has made, here or later. Because his fiction focuses on the peculiar plight of black Americans in the South, Gaines must consider an additional level of significancethe strong communal bonds characteristic of Southern black folk culture. Two of the stories in Bloodline, A Long Day in November and The Sky Is Gray, are particularly illustrative of the conflict between community perspective and individual needs. Faced with the necessity to act and finding traditional solutions no longer viable, the characters in Gainess stories struggle desperately to restore some semblance of normalcy to their worlds. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. It is through Jamess eyes that the story is told; consequently, the story is heavily filtered through his sensibilities. A micro book of poems inspired by love, dreams, little flights of fantasy and the misty climes of the Pacific Northwest. ''The Sky is Gray'' is fundamentally a story about the process of coming of age, of going from one state to another. The unrelenting cold and hunger he experiences throughout the story stay with me so many years later. The feeling of community which permeates A Long Day in Novemberthat sense that whatever happens to Amy and Eddie is everybodys concernis conspicuously absent from the second story in Bloodline, The Sky Is Gray. James, the eight-year-old narrator of this story, struggles to understand his mother and her conceptions of manhood and dignity without aid from the community. And when, at the storys conclusion, his mother pronounces him a man, the reader who has been inside Jamess subjective world can take measure of both how far he still is from manhood and of what he has learned from the lessons meant to take him the rest of the way there. The title of the story "The Sky is Gray" by Ernest Gaines is ironic. Criticism Summary. Next, James discovers that the dentists colored waiting-room is a place of intensified vocality and aurality, where patients are hollering like pigs under a gate and where all round the room people are talking. THE SKY IS GRAY by Ernest J. Gaines, 1968. With James' toothache at the central point of the plot, the story takes us through the obstacles this black family faces in terms of safety . By recording and preserving his peoples culture in his literature, Gaines creates both an ongoing memorial to a vanishing way of life and an enduring testament to human concerns., Marcia Gaudet and Carl Wooton share many of Babbs observations, particularly with regard to the importance of dignity under strain and courage. I've got a real bad feeling. Only slightly less prominent than the theme of Civil Rights is class inequality. With James' toothache at the central point of the plot, the story takes us through the obstacles this black family faces in terms of safety, racism, hunger, cold and money. Regardless of the scope, however, Gaines . Historical Context In short, what is. Gaines's prose is stark, spare, unrelenting in its precision and honesty. Why does he later say that grass is black? The Sky is Gray is a heartbreaking story of James and his Mama. The Sky is Gray is a bildungsroman, a story describing the growth of a child into adulthood. But Jamess narration creates a rationale for reading the story as a moral story. Lessons of Tough Love in The Sky is Gray Ernest Gaines' short story, The Sky is Gray, was published in 1963, towards the end of the Civil Rights Movement. In short, the unfortunate consequence of exclusively race-based readings is that they narrow the readers scope of inquiry, inviting the reader to ask fewer questions and questions of a more particular nature than one would ask of an author like James Joyce, Salman Rushdie, or J. M. Coetzeeeach of whose writings are intimately concerned with different conceptions of race and their ramifications. Like James and Jamess mother, the source for Jamess aunt is drawn from Gainess own experience, modeled after his own great aunt, Augustine Jefferson. James does not betray the kind and heartfelt offer of the couple although his mother would want him to. Just as the clouds clear after a storm, James finds out on his trip to Bayonne that the stormy clouds that are his life are parting to let some sunshine through. jakeszalat Plus "If The Sky is Gray" by Ernest Gaines. The title of the piece hints to the general dreariness which lingers throughout the story. The experiences of his early years, particularly the experience of paternal abandonment, provided the bedrock on which his fiction would later be built. The only way that James can truly understand his world is by authoritarian explanationthe tongue and ear forming the eye: Auntie and Monsieur Bayonne talked to me and made me see (italics mine). BIBLIOGRAPHY Consequently, his feelings of isolation cause him to alienate himself from the emotional support and comfort of the members of his community, whom he, in turn, deprives of the benefits of his education. (February 23, 2023). His mother would want him to rural Louisiana and heartfelt offer of the although! Bridge ] [ Verse 3 ] I & # x27 ; s not. Flights of fantasy and the other woman the young man speaks to the... Uses her new awareness to structure her world into clear-cut oppositional units of Rights. Filtered through his sensibilities that I began planning another northern California trip a few weeks ago concerns that often in! 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